Implantación y desarrollo de un programa de conciliación farmacoterapéutica en paciente prequirúrgico del Servicio de Otorrinolaringología: proyecto QonciliaX / Implantation and development of a pharmacotherapy reconciliation program in the presurgery otorhinolariyngology patient: QonciliaX program

Introducción: El objetivo del estudio es diseñar un procedimiento normalizado de trabajo (PNT) de conciliación prequirúrgica en paciente de otorrinolaringología (ORL) con hospitalización convencional. Material y métodos: El diseño del PNT se realizó en varias fases. Fase 1: revisión bibliográfica; Fase 2: selección de pacientes candidatos, definición de responsabilidades, establecimiento del circuito de trabajo y elaboración del PNT, planificación de la consulta de farmacia; Fase 3: aprobación del PNT; Fase 4: sesiones informativas/formativas a los servicios implicados. Resultados: 1. La selección de pacientes candidatos será realizada por ORL; 2. Citación de pacientes candidatos en la consulta de farmacia previa a la consulta de preanestesía; 3. Consulta de farmacia, se obtendrá el listado farmacoterapéutico y se valorará la adherencia junto con recomendaciones dirigidas al anestesista, otorrino y médico de primaria (MAP); 4. Elaboración de un informe de conciliación; 5. En la consulta de preanestesia, el anestesista podrá consultar el informe de farmacia; 6. Durante el ingreso del paciente en el hospital, el otorrino podrá consultar el informe de farmacia; 7. Alta del paciente, en la que se le entregará un informe con recomendaciones para el MAP y un plan horario con indicaciones sobre administración de medicación. Discusión: La elección de pacientes de otorrino se basa en el hecho de tratarse de pacientes con patologías crónicas y comorbilidades y podrían beneficiarse por tanto de una atención farmacéutica. La integración de diversos profesionales en un equipo multidisciplinar permite mejorar y protocolizar el procedimiento de trabajo. Integra el ámbito de primaria y especializada mejorando de este modo la continuidad asistencial. (AU)

Introduction: The main target of the proyect is to design a Standard Operational Process (SOP) of presurgery medication reconciliation on otorhinolaryngology patients with coventional hospitalization Material and methods: The SOP design was performed in several stages. Stage 1: bibliography review; Stage 2: candidate patient selection, responsability assignments, establishment of a working circuit, SOP elaboration, pharmacy consultory planification; Stage 3: SOP approval; Stage 4: informative/formative sessions directed to the involved departments. Results: 1. Otorhinolaringoloty department will carry candidate patient selection; 2. Candidate patients pharmacy consultory appointment previous to preanesthetic consultory; 3. Pharmacy consultory, in which it will be acquired the pharmacotherapy patient list and adherence evaluation along with pharmacology recommendations directed to the anesthesiologist, otolaryngologist and primary care physician; 4. Medication reconciliation report preparation; 5. In the preanesthesic consultory, the anesthesiologist will be able to consult the pharmacy report; 6. Patient admission, during this period, the otolaryngologist may use of the pharmacy report; 7. During patient hospital discharge, the patient will be delivered a report with recommendations for the primary care physician and a mediation schedule with medication administration indactions. Discussion: Otolaryngologist patients selection is based on the fact that it is a group of patients with chronic pathologies and comorbilities and therefore, they could benefit from a pharmaceutical care. Divers professionals integration in a multidisciplinary work team, allows to improve and protocolize a Standard Operational Process. It integrates primary and specialist care, improving care continuity. (AU)

Atención primaria y residencias de ancianos: a propósito de la COVID-19 / Primary care, residential homes for the elderly, and COVID-19

Las residencias de ancianos han sido especialmente golpeadas durante la crisis por la actual pandemia por COVID-19. En el momento de redactar este artículo son más de 17.500 los ancianos que fallecieron por coronavirus y que vivían en residencias, más de un 66% de las defunciones. Las tasas de contagio y letalidad en la población institucionalizada son altas por la avanzada edad y deficitario sistema inmune, la presencia de comorbilidades, porque se trata de personas frágiles, porque conviven con otros residentes y cuidadores en una institución cerrada y la transmisibilidad es fácil en un contexto de alta contagiosidad y virulencia del virus. Las personas de edad avanzada presentan con mayor frecuencia las formas más graves de la enfermedad. Las presentaciones atípicas son más frecuentes en ancianos y pueden retrasar el diagnóstico. La prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en los primeros 7 días para la detección de RNA viral del SARS-CoV-2 se considera el gold standard. Los criterios de derivación a un centro hospitalario desde los centros residenciales deberían tener en cuenta una valoración de la comorbilidad, la gravedad, la presencia de deterioro cognitivo grave y la dependencia o la necesidad de soporte ventilatorio en pacientes graves. Los centros sociosanitarios deben disponer de planes de contingencia para ofrecer una respuesta ante la aparición de casos de COVID-19. El aislamiento durante las pandemias puede tener importantes consecuencias físicas y psicosociales en los residentes. Se hace necesario reflexionar y reivindicar un nuevo modelo residencial desde un enfoque de atención centrada en la persona que procure la integración de los servicios sanitarios y sociales

Rest homes for the elderly have been particularly hit during the crisis due the current COVID-19 pandemic. At the time of writing this article, more than 17,500 elderly people that lived in Care Homes have died due to coronavirus, more than 66% of the deaths. The infection and mortality rates in the institutionalised population are high. This is due to the advanced age, immune system deficit, and the presence of comorbidities, as well as because there are frail, because they live with other residents and carers in a closed institution, and transmission is easy in the context of a highly contagious and virulent virus. The elderly often have more severe forms of the disease. Atypical presentations are more frequent in the elderly and can delay the diagnosis. The Polymer Chain Reaction (PCR) test in the first 7 days for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA is considered the test of reference ('Gold standard'). The criteria for referring to a hospital site from Care Homes should take into account an assessment of comorbidity, the severity, the presence of severe cognitive impairment, and the dependency or necessity of ventilatory support in seriously ill patients. The social-health centres should have contingency plans available in order to offer a response when cases of COVID-19 appear. Isolation during pandemics may have important physical and psychosocial consequences in the residents. It is necessary to reflect and claim a new residential model from a person-centered care approach that seeks the integration of health and social services

[Primary care, residential homes for the elderly, and COVID-19]. / Atención primaria y residencias de ancianos: a propósito de la COVID-19.

Rest homes for the elderly have been particularly hit during the crisis due the current COVID-19 pandemic. At the time of writing this article, more than 17,500 elderly people that lived in Care Homes have died due to coronavirus, more than 66% of the deaths. The infection and mortality rates in the institutionalised population are high. This is due to the advanced age, immune system deficit, and the presence of comorbidities, as well as because there are frail, because they live with other residents and carers in a closed institution, and transmission is easy in the context of a highly contagious and virulent virus. The elderly often have more severe forms of the disease. Atypical presentations are more frequent in the elderly and can delay the diagnosis. The Polymer Chain Reaction (PCR) test in the first 7 days for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA is considered the test of reference ('Gold standard'). The criteria for referring to a hospital site from Care Homes should take into account an assessment of comorbidity, the severity, the presence of severe cognitive impairment, and the dependency or necessity of ventilatory support in seriously ill patients. The social-health centres should have contingency plans available in order to offer a response when cases of COVID-19 appear. Isolation during pandemics may have important physical and psychosocial consequences in the residents. It is necessary to reflect and claim a new residential model from a person-centered care approach that seeks the integration of health and social services.